The Argentinian poet Jorge Luis Borges, whose visionary poem ‘Ariosto y los árabes’ inspired the title of this book, defined Ariosto’s Orlando furioso as a dream. A dream that grew out of the medieval legends of Charlemagne and King Arthur to conquer the entire western world and become a collective fantasy, a mirror onto which, for centuries, countless readers have reflected their own dreams and aspirations. That dream reached its 500th anniversary in 2016 and, to mark the occasion, a group of 14 scholars, comprising internationally acclaimed specialists as well as younger researchers, came together in Oxford to reflect on Ariosto in what would turn out to be a memorable meeting of minds. This book contains their thoughts and ideas, offering fresh perspectives on one of the most enigmatic works of European and – increasingly – word literature. Divided into three parts (Tradition; Interpretation; Reception), it aims to establish what Ariosto’s poem was in its own time, at key stages during its five-century history, and what it means today. In revisiting Ariosto’s dream it tries to answer the question: is it still alive?